" America, You Have built your house at the foot of a volcano. Move your house!" In this box "move your house" Means "end your addiction to oil. "
Thomas Friedman (New York Times 23. 02. 2011)
A East wind blows, they say, the Arab countries, to varying degrees, are experiencing a challenge to their way of governance is presented as a novelty, the revolts that have taken if the West, reassured , he thought, forever Sleep of the Arab masses and easily accommodating autocratic rulers as long as their interests for survival-the most botched of independence, especially the peoples subjugated by imperialist French and English are well- protected.
Arab Revival in the early twentieth century
Yet the Arab and Islamic revival is not new. Djamel Eddine Al-Afghani already embarked on the Nahda, we recall the stinging response to the speech he made Renan on the invalidity of Islam. Later this will be Mohammed Abdu and Rashid Redha early twentieth century, which will take the torch, in vain. The British and French imperialists have done everything to prevent the emancipation of the Arab masses who had been promised independence from the grip of the Ottoman Empire. Instead, imperialism will do anything to break the desire for independence Sykes-Picot Agreement that have been aimed to cut up the Ottoman Empire, adding to that Zionism with the Balfour Declaration. It does! and despite the abolition of the Caliphate in 1923, intellectuals and Arab political elites were seduced by Mustafa Kemal. We then saw the flourishing of intellectual circles about the model "Young Turks" will be, "Young Algerians ... Tunisians "who did not last long. Bourguiba of the young twenties even imitated the Turkish flag in Algeria, the Emir Khaled, grand-son of Emir Abdelkader, thought that with the declaration by U.S. President Wilson after the First World War, Algeria would be independent. It did not happen! The Emir Khaled, Saint-Cyr, was exiled in Damascus.
The singularity of Algeria
Without being able to go over all the convulsions of the Arab peoples, "People of Fine departures" said wrongly, Lawrence of Arabia to paraphrase the wildfire. Suffice it to point out that Algeria is the only Arab country to have paid dearly for its independence. More than a million deaths have earned independence, an aura like no other. We know from our own defense, what it is that fight for freedom because we've been deprived for over 132 years by a colonial abject that of repentance nostalgériques with variable geometry, are positive virtues. We expect this side Judgement of History. For the most recent period there yet, Algeria was also the first to be noticed by the cult of martyrdom. Who remembers "the October 1988 explosion, which caused as many deaths as the Tunisian and Egyptian revolts, which the West has doxa as the ultimate fight for freedom? If we have to collect the dead Tunisian, Egyptian, Libyan, and without the competition of victimhood, it is clear that Algeria, in his long, slow struggle for freedom and dignity for a project specific company and does not do things half, it will be after October 1988, after a short-lived euphoria, the red decade fight for a social project in the making, even now. 20,000 dead later with a terrorism that plays into overtime, we dare say that Algeria be like Tunisia or Egypt! Algeria has already paid his tribute to the dead. It is fear that the current instability in these countries is likely to last .. When I see what happens in Tunisia and Egypt, the winds of freedom and concomitant disorder, I pray Heaven to make them painful economic steps by which the Algerian people has increased. The Tunisian and Egyptian brothers, one advice: Do not get confiscate your revolt by the "merchants of the temple or a secular admirers ready to wear." Be nationalist! "
Why have we been waiting, asks Khaled Hroub Al Hayat? "Since the birth of the modern state, Arab countries have experienced many Forms of State: Monarchy, Sultanate, and Republic emirate. In most monarchies, there was a parliament and political parties ... For decades, we continued a great question: why did the Arabs do not they rebel against injustice and despotism? (...) The Arab despotism had shown a surprising resilience, challenging us to answer this lingering question: why do not they revolt? Why do they not democratize? (...) The old school of Orientalism sarcastically recalled to our memories, discoursed with his followers who never question their certainties on the habituation of Arab tyranny and their willingness to live with. In the West, in the academic and journalistic circles, there was talk of "Arab exceptionalism" notion that the Arabs were historically, culturally and religiously (in short, by definition) not ready to accept the values of freedom, democracy and pluralism. (...) The traditional forms of submission will be reproduced in the form of the modern state, which had taken of modernity that appearances and know-how repressive. However, this discourse on Arab exceptionalism is contradicted by the uprising which we witnessing today throughout the Arab world. It is beneficial in that it gives confidence to the Arabs individually and collectively. (...) All of this, the shock of independence, the fragility of legitimacy, the hesitation between narrow nationalism and pan-Arabism, the need for economic development, the Israeli threat and devastating foreign interventions have contributed to prolonging the life of dictatorships. Their time is now coming to maturity. (...) In fact, the real development and economic success require freedom, transparency, democracy and justice impeccable fighting corruption instead of covering it. "(1) The West
give lessons and dictating the standard gives the impression of being overwhelmed. For the first time, Pandora's box eluded him, for he was managing the files of Arab consecutively is obliged to manage them in a parallel manner. The philosopher Alain Badiou writes: "Until the West idle and twilight, the" international community "of those who think themselves the masters of the world, will they continue to give lessons of good management and good conduct to ground right? How distressing persistence of colonial arrogance! (...) The people, the people alone, is the creator of universal history .(...) These creations are proof that people stand there. (...) We see young women come from doctors treating the wounded province sleep in the middle of a circle of fierce young men, and they are quieter than they ever were, they know that nobody will touch a piece their hair. (...) We still see a row of Christians to watch, standing, to watch over the Muslims bowed in prayer. "(2)
political scientist Olivier Roy says the same thing. He believes that the revolts that shook the Arab-Muslim world have very strong features, but they all share the same aspiration to dignity and democracy "is more a revolt than a revolution. In 1989, it was also in the presence of a revolt which led to a change because the systems were removed. Today, two factors impede this movement. The first is the strength of the plans. Here, each country has its specificity. The other problem is that the international community is very ambivalent. On the one hand, she welcomes the democracy, the other, she wants the status quo. (...) The West has suffered a complete blindness was done on two bases. First, the obsession with Islam than it is represented as an entity closed in on itself, unable to move, "Islam incompatible with democracy", etc.. (...) Islam, it would be violence and radicalism. The second point is the strategic vision: we sought only the stability, centered around the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The whole purpose was to obtain a maximum of plans that neutralize the aggressiveness of their population towards Israel. (...) It will really long for Westerners internalize what happens. "For ten years we've been had by a populist rhetoric - both right and left - who says the problem is Islam. "(3)
In fact, western capitalism has, in one way or another, followed suit and, overwhelmed by the events he had a matter of habit to govern and" their opposition domesticated. " Suddenly another unknown youth, strength from the fact that there are no leaders. They then try to save the day by trying to "control" the ras-le-bol legitimate young Arabs for their own interests represented mainly by oil and immunity from Israel. The American columnist Thomas Friedman recently criticized in an article highly acclaimed, American complacency against OPEC's plans. The discourse of the West was "as long as you open the gas pump, you can do whatever you want otherwise." Thomas Friedman rightly this neocolonialism of America (the West) the lead of dropping the Arab world. Recall that the invasion of Iraq, which so many disasters have brought, was decided under the pressure of the U.S. oil lobby. To some extent, one can consider that the bin Laden phenomenon has been invented by them to serve as a pretext to strengthen their hold on the area. "(4)
We know, however, that the" manufacture "of rebellion is a specialty West, without going back to Mossadegh Madeleine Albright told how it happened, we remember that in May 1998 writes Michel Chossudovsky, President Suharto of Indonesia was ousted following mass protests. Western media have reported in chorus of "democratization": the "king of Java" had been overthrown by mass protests, as was the case of Hosni Mubarak, described by contemporary media as the "Pharaoh of Egypt" . (...) The main lesson from the turmoil in Indonesia should be the role played by the United States and the International Monetary Fund (IMF). [...] This neocolonialism has the effect of allowing better control of a country's resources by foreign capital and invariably leaves the majority of the more people in poverty, while wealth is siphoned off even more quickly on the stock exchanges in London and New York. (5) Bertrand Badie
asked during a debate on the Arab World points to the peculiarities of revolts " (...) We easily assimilated than the case of Algeria from Tunisia. Now Algeria's just emerged from a long and costly civil war. In addition, she did not know the same freedoms that choking, Tunisia, was explosive and fatal to the despot. (...) The only way of hope lies in the path followed by emerging powers, Turkey, Brazil, India, which have gradually succeeded in building a democracy through their economic performance due to the birth of a true middle class that is recognized in the virtues of such a regime, and finally thanks to recognition by outside their strength and respectability. "(6)
The West thinks for us and offers us the Turkish model. Secular state governed by a moderate Islamist, Turkey serves as an example after the revolution in Egypt. "The Arab revolt, writes Mary Kostrze are not yet completed that are already thinking about the system which will supersede the dictatorships overthrown. Wrongly or rightly, the "Turkish model", which currently combines democracy and moderate Islamist party, is continually shown as an example. With economic growth averaging 10% is more willingness to liberalize the Turkish economy as his religious aspirations that have shaped his popularity. "(7)
What governance model for the Arab world?
This suggests that the Turkish model - juxtaposition of a democratic political space in the West, a conservative with values widely religious, and an army that is as guardian of fundamental-going charm. It's roughly the view of Tariq Ramadan. Pierre Haski give him the floor: "The direction of movement, the founding generation is now very old, no longer fully the aspirations of younger members, who are more open to the world, want internal reforms and are fascinated by the Turkish example. "Tariq Ramadan chooses his side when he writes:" The Turkish example should be an inspiration for us. "(8)
The West, or more precisely Western capitalism that leads the world is interested its main stream media, as in Algeria when it bleeds! Jean Daniel said he admires how the Algerian police control the unfolding events, and that ultimately there is nothing rare recording. Perhaps he regrets ... I am among those who believe in the inevitability of change at our own pace. We won the right specificity. We must show in the quietness and serenity, protest by responding non-violence instead of provocation against-productive. Nationalism nor democracy being the monopoly of anyone, Algeria needs guides fascinated by the future and which are best for the country beyond their own paths. There is nothing to expect from the capitalist West that is interested only in a fragmented vision of the Arab world and immediate profits. With regard to the Maghreb Union is struggling to unfold, our future is in our solidarity. The solution is to convince them that we have no future together with the immense strength of cultural identity and ritual. Tarik ibn Zayad was right to burn his ships docking in Spain, it was this final sentence: "Al 'adou amamakoum Oual bahrou ouaraoukoum "(the enemy is before you and the sea is behind you). Somewhere, what can happen to a better Maghreb peoples, it is a challenge constantly renewed, that of fighting with all weapons of science and knowledge to try to catch the train of progress.
(*) Ecole Nationale Polytechnique
1.Khaled Hroub: Why we have waited so long? 10/02/2011
2.A. The World
3.O.Roy 21/02/2011: The young generation has a strong political maturity. Cross
4.J.PBaquiast 02/21/2011: New Arab Agoravox
5.M.Chossudovsky February 26, 2011. Suharto Mubarak: history repeats itself 02/25/2011
6.Bertrand Badie: Revenge of the Arab societies. The Mond.fr 24/02/11
7.Marie Kostrze: The "Turkish model" is it applicable to the Arab countries? Rue89 26/02/2011
8.Pierre Haski: Tariq Ramadan praised the "Turkish example." Rue89 09/02/2011
Chems Eddine Chitour Pr (*)
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